{"id":1817,"date":"2026-07-13T22:01:48","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T22:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/product\/nad-1000mg\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T22:17:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T22:17:11","slug":"nad-1000mg","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/?product=nad-1000mg","title":{"rendered":"NAD+ 1000MG"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#1\"><br \/>\n\t\t1. Overview<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#2\"><br \/>\n\t\t2. Biochemical Characteristics<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#3\"><br \/>\n\t\t3. Research Applications<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#4\"><br \/>\n\t\t4. Pathway \/ Mechanistic Context<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#5\"><br \/>\n\t\t5. Summary of Preclinical Research<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#6\"><br \/>\n\t\t6. Form &#038; Analysis Testing<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#7\"><br \/>\n\t\t7. Referenced Citations<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"#8\"><br \/>\n\t\t8. RUO Disclaimer<br \/>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- The remainder of the file repeats the same page content (Overview, Biochemical Characteristics, Research Applications, Pathway \/ Mechanistic Context, Summary of Preclinical Research, Form & Analysis Testing, Referenced Citations, RUO Disclaimer, Properties, Identifiers, and Storage Instructions) that has already been translated above. --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1\">Overview<\/h2>\n<p>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD\u207a) is a pyridine nucleotide cofactor that exists in both its oxidized (NAD\u207a) and reduced (NADH) forms. In biochemical and cellular research, NAD\u207a is primarily studied as an electron carrier involved in redox reactions and as a substrate for multiple classes of enzymes. Published literature describes NAD\u207a as a molecule involved in intracellular metabolic networks and, in specific experimental settings, extracellular signaling measurements.<\/p>\n<p>All information presented below is provided strictly within the context of preclinical research. No therapeutic, diagnostic, or medical claims are made or implied.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2\">Biochemical Characteristics<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Molecular Formula:<\/strong> C\u2082\u2081H\u2082\u2087N\u2087O\u2081\u2084P\u2082<br \/>\n<strong>Molecular Weight:<\/strong> 663.43 g\/mol<br \/>\n<strong>PubChem CID:<\/strong> 925<br \/>\n<strong>CAS Number:<\/strong> 53-84-9<\/p>\n<p>NAD\u207a functions as an active redox cofactor capable of accepting and donating electrons during enzymatic reactions. In experimental systems, NAD\u207a availability is commonly evaluated as a measurable variable associated with metabolic flux, enzymatic activity assays, and intracellular signaling. NAD\u207a is also investigated as a substrate for enzymes involved in post-translational modification processes, including ADP-ribosylation.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3\">Research Applications<\/h2>\n<p>In laboratory research, NAD\u207a is used as a reference compound or experimental variable in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Redox biochemistry and mitochondrial metabolism assays<\/li>\n<li>Enzymatic activity measurements involving sirtuins, PARPs, and dehydrogenases<\/li>\n<li>Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling studies reporting NAD\u207a-associated expression patterns<\/li>\n<li>Cellular stress and aging model systems<\/li>\n<li>Extracellular signaling experiments measuring nucleotide release and receptor-linked responses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All applications are limited to controlled <em>in vitro<\/em> research settings or animal models.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4\">Pathway \/ Mechanistic Context<\/h2>\n<p>Throughout the referenced literature, NAD\u207a is discussed in relation to multiple metabolic pathway\u2013annotated datasets. These discussions are presented as reported measurements, observed associations, or differential expression trends rather than direct functional outcomes. Frequently referenced pathway contexts include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Redox metabolism and readouts associated with the mitochondrial electron transport chain<\/li>\n<li>Gene and protein activity measurements annotated for sirtuins<\/li>\n<li>DNA damage response datasets linked to PARP activity<\/li>\n<li>PGC-1\u03b1-associated transcriptional profiles<\/li>\n<li>Inflammation-related signaling components evaluated through cytokine endpoints or gene expression analyses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"5\">Summary of Preclinical Research<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Mitochondrial and Metabolic Models<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Animal and cell-based studies describe associations between NAD\u207a availability and measured mitochondrial parameters, including markers of oxidative phosphorylation and indicators of redox status. These findings are presented as dataset-level observations derived from preclinical models.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gene Expression and Aging-Associated Datasets<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Transcriptomic analyses in aging-related models report differential expression patterns across nuclear and mitochondrial gene sets under experimental conditions involving altered NAD\u207a levels. Interpretation is limited to the reported expression profiles rather than direct claims of functional restoration.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Neurodegeneration-Focused Models<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In murine models of neurodegenerative disease, published studies report associations between NAD\u207a exposure and markers of neuronal survival, oxidative stress indicators, and measured mitochondrial parameters. These observations are presented as preclinical correlations within disease model systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inflammation-Related Measurements<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Several studies reference NAD\u207a-associated datasets involving NAMPT, cytokine measurements, and inflammatory signaling components. Reported findings are based on gene expression profiles, enzymatic activity measurements, or pathway-level annotations.<\/p>\n<p>Collectively, the scientific literature positions NAD\u207a as a biochemical variable used to investigate mechanisms related to metabolism, aging, and cellular stress in non-clinical research systems.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6\">Form &#038; Analysis Testing<\/h2>\n<p>This product is supplied as a research-grade compound intended exclusively for laboratory use. Analytical characterization may include chromatographic purity assessment and identity confirmation by mass spectrometry. Batch-specific specifications should be verified using the accompanying Certificate of Analysis (COA), where available.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"7\">Referenced Citations<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"ref1\">\u201cNAD+ Science 101 \u2013 What Is NAD+ &amp; Why It\u2019s Important,\u201d <em>Elysium Health<\/em>. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elysiumhealth.com\/en-us\/knowledge\/science-101\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-nad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.elysiumhealth.com\/en-us\/knowledge\/science-101\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-nad<\/a>. [Accessed: 25-Jul-2019].<\/li>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<li id=\"ref2\">\u201cNicotinamide Riboside: Benefits, Side Effects and Dosage,\u201d <em>Healthline<\/em>. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/nicotinamide-riboside\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/nicotinamide-riboside<\/a>. [Accessed: 25-Jul-2019].<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref3\">R. T. Matthews, L. Yang, S. Browne, M. Baik, and M. F. Beal, \u201cCoenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects,\u201d <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America<\/em>, vol. 95, no. 15, pp. 8892\u20138897, Jul. 1998. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC21173\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PMC<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref4\">\u201cWhat You Need to Know About Resveratrol Supplements,\u201d <em>WebMD<\/em>. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/heart-disease\/resveratrol-supplements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/heart-disease\/resveratrol-supplements<\/a>. [Accessed: 25-Jul-2019].<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref5\">N. Sun, R. J. Youle, and T. Finkel, \u201cThe Mitochondrial Basis of Aging,\u201d <em>Molecular Cell<\/em>, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 654\u2013666, Mar. 2016. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4779179\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PMC<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref6\">D. Stipp, \u201cBeyond Resveratrol: The Anti-Aging NAD Fad,\u201d <em>Scientific American Blog Network<\/em>. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/beyond-resveratrol-the-anti-aging-nad-fad\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/beyond-resveratrol-the-anti-aging-nad-fad\/<\/a>. [Accessed: 08-Jul-2019].<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref7\">A. P. Gomes et al., \u201cDeclining NAD+ Induces a Pseudohypoxic State Disrupting Nuclear-Mitochondrial Communication during Aging,\u201d <em>Cell<\/em>, vol. 155, no. 7, pp. 1624\u20131638, Dec. 2013. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4076149\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PMC<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref8\">S. Imai and L. Guarente, \u201cNAD+ and Sirtuins in Aging and Disease,\u201d <em>Trends in Cell Biology<\/em>, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 464\u2013471, Aug. 2014. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24786309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li id=\"ref9\">A. R. Mendelsohn and J. W. Larrick, \u201cPartial Reversal of Skeletal Muscle Aging by Restoration of Normal NAD+ Levels,\u201d <em>Rejuvenation Research<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 62\u201369, Feb. 2014. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24410488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<li id=\"ref10\">C. Kang, E. Chung, G. Diffee, and L. L. Ji, \u201cExercise Training Attenuates Aging-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Skeletal Muscle: Role of PGC-1\u03b1,\u201d <em>Experimental Gerontology<\/em>, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1343\u20131350, Nov. 2013. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23994518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref11\">S. Ringholm et al., \u201cEffect of Lifelong Resveratrol Supplementation and Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Aging Mice: Impact of PGC-1\u03b1,\u201d <em>Experimental Gerontology<\/em>, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 1311\u20131318, Nov. 2013. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23994519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref12\">A. Lloret and M. F. Beal, \u201cPGC-1\u03b1, Sirtuins and PARPs in Huntington\u2019s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions: NAD+ to Rule Them All,\u201d <em>Neurochemical Research<\/em>, May 2019. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31065944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref13\">C. Shan et al., \u201cProtective Effects of \u03b2-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Against Motor Deficits and Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease,\u201d <em>Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology &amp; Biological Psychiatry<\/em>, vol. 94, p. 109670, Jun. 2019. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31220519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref14\">D. C. Maddison and F. Giorgini, \u201cThe Kynurenine Pathway and Neurodegenerative Disease,\u201d <em>Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology<\/em>, vol. 40, pp. 134\u2013141, Apr. 2015. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25773161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref15\">A. Garten, S. Schuster, M. Penke, T. Gorski, T. de Giorgis, and W. Kiess, \u201cPhysiological and Pathophysiological Roles of NAMPT and NAD Metabolism,\u201d <em>Nature Reviews Endocrinology<\/em>, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 535\u2013546, Sep. 2015. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26215259\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PubMed<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref16\">S. Yamaguchi and J. Yoshino, \u201cAdipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Obesity and Insulin Resistance: From Mechanism to Therapy,\u201d <em>BioEssays<\/em>, vol. 39, no. 5, May 2017. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5469033\/figure\/F2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PMC<\/a>]<\/li>\n<li id=\"ref17\">J. E. Humiston, \u201cNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,\u201d p. 68. [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/113016\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">FDA<\/a>]<\/li>\n<p>&#8220;`<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"8\">RUO Disclaimer<\/h2>\n<p>The products offered on this website are supplied for <strong>in vitro research only<\/strong>. In vitro studies (Latin: &#8220;in glass&#8221;) are performed outside the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat, or cure any medical condition, illness, or disease. Bodily administration of any kind to humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For laboratory research use only. Not for human, medical, diagnostic, or veterinary use.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Properties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Molecular Formula<\/td>\n<td>C<sub>21<\/sub>H<sub>28<\/sub>N<sub>7<\/sub>O<sub>14<\/sub>P<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Molecular Weight<\/td>\n<td>664.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Monoisotopic Mass<\/td>\n<td>664.11694759<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polar Surface Area<\/td>\n<td>318<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Complexity<\/td>\n<td>1130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>XLogP<\/td>\n<td>-5.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hydrogen Bond Acceptors<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rotatable Bonds<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PubChem LCSS<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/5893#datasheet=LCSS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadide (JAN\/USAN\/INN) Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">Identifiers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CID<\/td>\n<td>5893<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>InChI<\/td>\n<td>InChI=1S\/C21H27N7O14P2\/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33\/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)\/p+1\/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-\/m1\/s1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>InChIKey<\/td>\n<td>BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Isomeric SMILES<\/td>\n<td>C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canonical SMILES<\/td>\n<td>C1=CC(=C[N+](=C1)C2C(C(C(O2)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC3C(C(C(O3)N4C=NC5=C(N=CN=C54)N)O)O)O)O)C(=O)N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IUPAC Name<\/td>\n<td>[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxolan-2-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Storage Instructions:<\/h4>\n<p>All of our products are manufactured using the <strong>lyophilization (freeze-drying)<\/strong> process, ensuring they remain <strong>100% stable during shipping<\/strong> for up to <strong>3\u20134 months<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Once peptides have been <strong>reconstituted (mixed with bacteriostatic water)<\/strong>, they should be <strong>stored in a refrigerator<\/strong> to maintain stability. After reconstitution, peptides generally remain <strong>stable for up to 30 days<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lyophilization is a specialized dehydration process, also known as freeze-drying, in which peptides are first frozen and then exposed to low pressure. This causes the water inside the peptide vial to sublime directly from a solid to a gas, leaving behind a stable, white crystalline structure known as a lyophilized peptide. This white, fluffy powder can be stored at room temperature until it is ready to be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water.<\/p>\n<p>Upon receiving your peptides, it is essential to keep them cool and protected from light. If the peptides will be used immediately, or within the next few days, weeks, or months, short-term refrigeration below 4\u00b0C (39\u00b0F) is generally sufficient. Lyophilized peptides are typically stable at room temperature for several weeks or longer, so room-temperature storage is generally acceptable if they will be used within a relatively short period.<\/p>\n<p>However, for long-term storage (several months to years), peptides should ideally be kept in a freezer at -80\u00b0C (-112\u00b0F). Freezing is the preferred method for preserving peptide stability over extended periods.<\/p>\n<p>For more information on proper peptide storage techniques, click the following link:<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/biovantixlab.com\/peptide-storage\/<\/p>\n<p>:::<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NAD\u207a (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential cellular coenzyme involved in redox metabolism and energy production across all living systems. It functions as a critical electron carrier, cycling between its oxidized (NAD\u207a) and reduced (NADH) forms to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic energy transfer in experimental models. Beyond its metabolic role, NAD\u207a serves as a required substrate for sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), enzymes involved in DNA repair, gene expression regulation, and cellular stress responses. In preclinical research, NAD\u207a is used to investigate mitochondrial homeostasis, muscle metabolism, neuroprotection, and molecular mechanisms associated with aging and cellular resilience.<\/p>\n<p>For research use only. Not for human consumption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><br \/>\nCant\u00f3 C et al., <em>Cell Metabolism<\/em>, 2015;22(1):31\u201353<br \/>\nVerdin E., <em>Science<\/em>, 2015;350(6265):1208\u20131213<br \/>\nYoshino J et al., <em>Cell Metabolism<\/em>, 2018;27(3):529\u2013547<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1686,"template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[17,31],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-1817","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-all-peptides","product_cat-popular-peptides","desktop-align-left","tablet-align-left","mobile-align-left","first","outofstock","sale","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c.jpeg",724,1086,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-150x150.jpeg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-200x300.jpeg",200,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c.jpeg",724,1086,false],"large":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-683x1024.jpeg",683,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c.jpeg",724,1086,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c.jpeg",724,1086,false],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-300x300.jpeg",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-600x900.jpeg",600,900,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/20A4137F-82FE-4C1F-9A59-13DC6A18BCF2_1_105_c-100x100.jpeg",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"biovantix","author_link":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/?author=0"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"NAD\u207a (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an essential cellular coenzyme involved in redox metabolism and energy production across all living systems. It functions as a critical electron carrier, cycling between its oxidized (NAD\u207a) and reduced (NADH) forms to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic energy transfer in experimental models. Beyond its metabolic role, NAD\u207a serves as&hellip;","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product\/1817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product\/1817\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1849,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/product\/1817\/revisions\/1849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_brand&post=1817"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_cat&post=1817"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/md.biovantixlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fproduct_tag&post=1817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}